Research progress on dental materials for preventing root caries / 口腔疾病防治

@#The high incidence and untreated rate of root caries, a common and frequently occurring oral disease with challenging treatment in elderly individuals, is the main cause of tooth loss among elderly people, as rapid development results in pulpitis and periapical periodontitis or residual crown and root, which has been regarded as one of the common chronic oral diseases seriously affecting the quality of life of elderly people. Thus, early intervention and prevention are important. Traditional dental materials for preventing root caries have been widely used in clinical practice; however, they have the disadvantages of tooth coloring, remineralization and low sterilization efficiency. A series of new dental materials for preventing root caries have gradually become a research hotspot recently, which have the advantages of promoting the mineralization of deep dental tissue, prolonging the action time and enhancing adhesion. Future caries prevention materials should be designed according to the characteristics of root surface caries and the application population and should be developed toward simplicity, high efficiency and low toxicity. This review describes current research regarding anti-caries prevention material application, serving as a theoretical underpinning for the research of root caries prevention materials, which is important for both promotion in the effective prevention of root caries and improvement in the status of oral health and the quality of life among old people.

Ancianos con enfermedades bucales y medicación antihipertensiva / Elderly with oral diseases and antihypertensive medication i: en

Introducción: El consumo de medicamentos antihipertensivos se relaciona con la aparición de múltiples enfermedades bucales en los ancianos. Objetivo: Caracterizar a adultos mayores con enfermedades bucales y medicación antihipertensiva. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva y transversal de 79 adultos mayores con enfermedades bucales y medicación antihipertensiva, asistidos en el Servicio de Estomatología del Policlínico 14 de Junio, de la provincia de Las Tunas, desde enero de 2021 hasta igual mes de 2022. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron: edad, sexo, medicamento consumido (según grupo antihipertensivo) y presencia de enfermedad bucal. Se emplearon métodos teóricos (analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo), empíricos (observación y encuesta) y estadísticos (estadística descriptiva). Se utilizó el porcentaje como medida de resumen. Resultados: En la serie predominaron el sexo femenino (63,3 %) y el grupo etario de 60-69 años (48,1 %). Se observó que los grupos de antihipertensivos más utilizados fueron los diuréticos tiazídicos, los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina y los bloqueadores de los canales de calcio, de los cuales los medicamentos más consumidos resultaron ser la hidroclorotiazida (90,0 %), el captopril (47,0 %) y el nifedipino (20,0 %), respectivamente. Asimismo, al analizar la presencia de enfermedades bucales se obtuvo una primacía de la caries dental (90,0 %), las periodontopatías (87,3 %) y la xerostomía (57,0 %). Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores con enfermedades bucales y medicación antihipertensiva, en particular las féminas y el grupo etario de 60-69 años, se caracterizaron por consumir fármacos antihipertensivos de primera generación y por presentar enfermedades bucales frecuentes.

Introduction: The consumption of antihypertensive medications is related to the emergence of multiple oral diseases in the elderly. Objective: To characterize the elderly with oral diseases and antihypertensive medication. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional investigation was carried out of 79 elderly with oral diseases and antihypertensive medication, assisted in the Stomatology Service of 14 de Junio Polyclinic, in Las Tunas province, from January, 2021 to the same month in 2022. Among the analyzed variables we can mention: age, sex, consumed medication (according to antihypertensive group) and presence of oral disease. Theoretical methods (analytic-synthetic and inductive-deductive), empiric (observation and surveys) and statistical (descriptive statistic) were used. The percentage was used as summary measure. Results: In the series there was prevalence of the female sex (63.3 %) and the 60-69 age group (48.1 %). It was observed that the most used antihypertensive groups were the thiazidic diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and blocker of the calcium channels; among these, the most consumed medications were hydrochlorothiazide (90.0 %), captopril (47.0 %) and nifedipine (20.0 %), respectively. Also, when analyzing the presence of oral diseases a primacy of dental decay (90.0 %), periodontopaties (87.3 %) and xerostomia was obtained (57.0 %). Conclusions: Elderly with oral diseases and antihypertensive medication, in particular females and the 60-69 age group were characterized by the consumption of first generation antihypertensive drugs and the presence of frequent oral diseases.

Evaluation of an integrated teaching model of oral preclinical practice based on endodontic-restorative sequential treatment / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#Evaluate the effect of an integrated teaching model of oral preclinical practice based on endodontic-restorative sequential treatment to provide a reference for the exploration of the teaching mode of the stomatology specialty. @* Methods @#This retrospective study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee. The study was divided into 2 groups. There were 450 2018-grade and 2019-grade students in the discipline integration teaching method (DIT) group, and a preclinical practice course (root canal therapy and fixed prosthetic treatments were integrated into an endodontic-restorative sequential treatment) using the DIT method was applied. There were 443 2016-grade and 2017-grade students in the traditional teaching method (TT) group, and a TT preclinical practice course (root canal therapy and fixed prosthetic treatments training courses were taught separately) was applied. Both groups were taught by the same two teachers. The scores of clinical skills examination and treatment planning were compared between the two groups. In addition, students in the two groups were asked to complete the questionnaires about the teaching methods, and students in Group DIT and their teachers were asked to complete the questionnaires on their degree of satisfaction with the DIT method in the preclinical course. @*Results @# Students in the DIT group had an average score of 90.2 ± 4.16 in the practical skill evaluation, which was higher than that of the TT group (86.3±3.57) (P = 0.001). In the case analysis, 91.8% (413/450) of the students in the DIT group successfully planned the treatment, compared to a significantly lower rate in the TT group of 74.7% (331/443) (P = 0.001). The questionnaire results showed that recognition degrees of cultivated clinical thinking, improved indication analysis ability, improved operational skills, stimulated enthusiasm for learning, and improved autonomous learning were higher in the DIT group than in the TT group, and both teachers (2/2) and 98.4% (443/450) of students recognized the DIT method. @*Conclusions@#The DIT method significantly improved students’ learning quality and ability, proved effective in the endodontic-restorative sequential treatment practice course and was more acceptable to teachers and students. The DIT method is more effective than the TT method in improving students’ clinical thinking and operation ability.

Intervención comunitaria en salud bucal en la población de San Pablo de Pillao, Perú, 2018 / Community oral health intervention in the population of San Pablo de Pillao, Peru, 2018

RESUMEN Introducción. Las intervenciones comunitarias permiten promover la salud y prevenir enfermedades en el poblador. Objetivo. Describir los diagnósticos y tratamientos realizados por estudiantes de odontología en el Campamento Universitario Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Servicio. Métodos. Se diseñó un estudio epidemiológico, con el enfoque cuantitativo en el distrito de San Pablo de Pillao, provincia Huánuco, Perú. Participaron docentes y estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina, Humana, Odontología, Nutrición y Psicología. De un total de 250 asistentes a las sesiones, 95 adultos fueron atendidos en la consulta odontológica. Se realizaron sesiones educativas referidas a "anemia y desnutrición", "enfermedades diarreicas", "infecciones respiratorias", "alcoholismo y violencia", "crecimiento y desarrollo", "lactancia materna" y "salud bucal", así como una campaña de diagnóstico y tratamiento de efecciones bucodentales. Se utilizó el programa Excel para el análisis de datos. Resultados. Se atendieron 95 pobladores adultos. El 6,3 por ciento correspondió a edéntulos totales y el 40 por ciento a edéntulos parciales. De los dentados, el 97,3 por ciento presentó caries dental con un promedio de índice CPOD (suma de los dientes cariados + dientes perdidos + dientes obturados, en la dentición pemanente) de 2,08 ± 1,56. Con respecto al estado periodontal, el 38,9 por ciento presentó inflamación gingival severa. En los adultos se realizó 35 restauraciones, 28 exodoncia y 8 ajustes de prótesis. En adultos y niños se realizaron fluorizaciones y cinco actividades educativas de promoción de la salud. Conclusiones. La presencia de caries y enfermedad gingival fue altamente prevalente; las principales actividades terapéuticas realizadas en el campamento fueron las restauraciones y exodoncia(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Community interventions make it possible to promote health and prevent disease in the population. Objective: Describe the diagnoses and treatments made by dental students at the Multidisciplinary Research and Service University Camp. Methods: A qualitative epidemiological study was designed for the district of San Pablo de Pillao, Huánuco province, Peru. The participants were teachers and students from the School of Human Medicine, Dentistry, Nutrition and Psychology. Of the total 250 subjects attending the sessions, 95 adults were cared for at the dental service. The educational sessions conducted dealt with the topics of "anemia and malnutrition", "diarrheal diseases", "respiratory infections", "alcoholism and violence", "growth and development", "breastfeeding" and "oral health", as well as a campaign about diagnosis and treatment of oral disorders. Data analysis was performed on Microsoft Excel. Results: Of the total 95 adult residents cared for, 6.3 percent were totally edentulous and 40 percent were partially edentulous. Of the dentate subjects, 97.3 percent had dental caries with a mean DLRP index (sum total of decayed + lost + restored permanent teeth) of 2.08 ± 1.56. As to periodontal status, 38.9 percent had severe gingival inflammation. A total 35 restorations, 28 exodontias and 8 prosthesis adjustments were performed on adult patients. Adults and children alike received fluoridation and attended five educational health promotion sessions. Conclusions: Dental caries and gingival disease were highly prevalent. The main therapeutic actions performed in the camp were restorations and exodontia(AU)

Chitosan-based polysaccharide biomaterial for prevention and treatment of oral diseases / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Polysaccharide-based biomaterials are hydrophilic and can promote cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. They can not only effectively prevent against oral diseases, but also promote the regeneration of periodontal ligament, enamel and alveolar bone. OBJECTIVE: To review the application of chitosan-based polysaccharide biomaterial in many oral diseases. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed to retrieve papers regarding application of chitosan-based polysaccharide biomaterial in oral diseases with the search terms “polysaccharide (chitosan or hyaluronic acid or cellulose) and oral disease” in Chinese and English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Chitosan-based polysaccharide biomaterial can be used in periodontal, oral and maxillofacial systems, aesthetic restoration, orthodontics and other fields because chitosan has aminoglucan-like structure and the biological functions of cellulose and collagen, and possesses good biocompatibility. In the early stage of the disease, polysaccharide substance can prevent the occurrence of oral diseases and inhibit the accumulation of plaque microorganisms. During the repair period of the disease, polysaccharide substance itself can promote cell proliferation and differentiation, and has a good antibacterial effect. With the help of the specific efficacy of polysaccharide biomaterials, polysaccharide can effectively exert adhesion, antibacterial and regeneration effects. In addition, polysaccharides can also be digested to monosaccharides in vivo, which is good for tissue repair. In the future therapeutic field, the degradability, biocompatibility, easy availability, specific network structure, surface charge and other characteristics of the polysaccharide can be better utilized to expand the application range.

Enfermedades bucales en pacientes especiales menores de 15 años. Sancti Spíritus. 2016 / Oral diseases presented in special needs patients younger than 15 years. Sancti Spiritus. 2016

RESUMEN Fundamento: Las enfermedades bucales son frecuentes en los pacientes especiales y las enfermedades sistémicas que presentan dificultan la atención en la consulta de estomatología. Objetivo: Describir el estado de salud bucal de un grupo de pacientes especiales menores de 15 años de Sancti Spíritus. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal en el período comprendido de septiembre de 2016 a febrero de 2017. El universo estuvo conformado por 64 pacientes especiales y la muestra por 55 pacientes menores de 15 años atendidos en la consulta del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial de Sancti Spíritus. Resultados: Las edades predominantes fueron de 6 a 10 años y el sexo masculino, la caries dental fue la enfermedad bucal que más se encontró en los pacientes, seguido de la enfermedad periodontal. Los factores que más incidieron fueron la deficiente higiene bucal y la dieta cariogénica. Conclusiones: Las afecciones estomatológicas más frecuentes fueron la caries dental y la enfermedad periodontal y los factores que más incidieron fueron la deficiente higiene bucal y la dieta cariogénica.

ABSTRACT Background: Oral diseases are common in special needs patients and the systemic diseases they present make difficult the assistance to the stomatology office. Objective: To describe the oral health status from a group of special needs patients younger than 15 years in Sancti Spiritus. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2016 to February 2017. The universe consisted of 64 special needs patients and the sample by 55 patients younger than 15 years of age assisted in the consulting of the Sancti Spíritus Provincial Pediatric Hospital Results: The predominant ages were from 6 to 10 years and the male sex, dental caries was the most common oral disease in patients, followed by periodontal disease. The most influenced factors were poor oral hygiene and the cariogenic diet. Conclusions: The most frequent stomatology conditions were dental caries and periodontal disease and the most influenced factors were poor oral hygiene and cariogenic diet.

Factores de riesgo de afecciones bucodentales en niños de guarderías infantiles no estatales / Risk factors of oral-dental disorders in children from particular daycare houses

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal desde enero hasta mayo de 2017 de 93 niños de 1-4 años matriculados en 5 guarderías infantiles no estatales del reparto Sueño de Santiago de Cuba, con el objetivo de identificar los factores riesgo que incidieron en las enfermedades bucales que presentaban. Para recoger la información se confeccionó una planilla elaborada a los efectos y realizó el interrogatorio a padres y niños, además del examen bucal a estos últimos. Entre los factores de riesgo prevalecieron la dieta cariogénica (96,7 %), seguida por el uso del biberón (59,1 %); asimismo, la maloclusión resultó ser la alteración más frecuente, principalmente el resalte aumentado y la mordida abierta. Aunque predominaron los pacientes sin afectación, estaban expuestos a dichos factores. Por tanto, se debe insistir en el diagnóstico precoz de las maloclusiones para minimizar o evitar su impacto negativo sobre la salud de los menores.

An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, of 93 children aged 1-4 years registered in 5 non-state daycare houses in Sueño neighborhood of Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January to May, 2017, with the objective of identifying the risk factors which influenced in the oral illnesses that they presented. To collect the information a schedule was made for this aim and an inquiry to parents and children was carried out, besides the oral examination to the last ones. Among the risk factors the cariogenic diet (96.7 %), followed by the use of the baby bottle (59.1 %) prevailed; also, the malocclusion turned out to be the most frequent disorder, mainly the increased prominence and the open bite. Although the patients without disorders prevailed, they were exposed to these factors. Therefore, it should be insisted in the previous diagnosis of malocclusions to minimize or to avoid their negative impact on the health of the children.

Incidence and trend of occupational diseases in a district of Beijing from 2004 to 2017 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the incidence of occupational diseases in a District of Beijing, from 2004 to 2017 and to analyze the distribution characteristics and incidence trends of occupational diseases.@*Methods@#The data of confirmed occupational disease cases data in the occupational disease and occupational health information monitoring system in a district of Beijing from 2004~2017 were collected to analyze the incidence and trends of occupational diseases.@*Results@#In 2004~2017, a total of 161cases of occupational diseases were reported in a district of Beijing, mainly pneumoconiosis (113 cases, 70.19%) . The average age of onset of pneumoconiosis was (51.65 ±11.10) years old, and the average age of dust exposure was (13.14±8.07) years, mainly including silicosis accounting for 85.84%, concentrated in small collective enterprises. Pneumoconiosis was mainly female, with 80 cases accounting for 70.80% of the disease; most of the working years were 10-20 years, the age of onset of dust pneumoconiosis and the duration of dust exposure were statistically different (P<0.05) ; The distribution of pneumoconiosis industry was concentrated on the manufacture of jewellery and related articles in 91cases (80.53%) , Compared with the non-jewellery and related articles manufacturing industry, the average age of onset were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Occupational diseases other than pneumoconiosis were mainly male; occupational ear, nose and throat (ENT) and oral disease male accounted for 86.96% of the disease, mainly concentrated in small enterprises, state-owned enterprises, the majority of working years wereconcentrated in 20~30 years; occupational infectious diseases accountded for 93.33% of the disease, mainly concentrated in small collective enterprises, most of the working years were less than 10 years.@*Conclusion@#Occupational diseases in a district of Beijing are mainly pneumoconiosis, mainly in small collective enterprises, mostly historical issues, the number of reports of occupational ENT and oral disease and occupational infectious diseases are increasing, it is important to strengthen supervision and protect the health of workers.

Enfermedades bucales y factores de riesgo en la población geriátrica perteneciente a un consultorio médico / Oral diseases and risk factors in the geriatric population of a family doctor's office

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, desde noviembre de 2016 hasta abril de 2017, de los 166 adultos mayores pertenecientes al consultorio médico No 20 del Policlínico Carlos Juan Finlay del municipio de Santiago de Cuba, para evaluar la presencia de enfermedades bucodentales y los factores de riesgo. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó la encuesta de salud bucal de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la historia de salud bucal familiar. Los hábitos nocivos como la deficiente higiene bucal y la dieta cariogénica, además de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, fueron los factores de riesgo más comunes en esta población, en quienes la disfunción masticatoria y la caries dental constituyeron los problemas principales

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 166 elderly belonging to the family doctor office No 20 of Carlos J Finlay Polyclinic in the municipality of Santiago de Cuba, was carried out from November, 2016 to April, 2017, to evaluate the presence of oral-dental diseases and risk factors. The survey of oral health from the World Health Organization and the medical record of family oral health were used for gathering the information. Harmful habits as poor oral hygiene and a cariogenic diet, besides non communicable chronic diseases, were the most common risk factors in this population, for whom masticatory dysfuntion and dental decay constituted the main problems

Effect of Myracrodruon urundeuva and Qualea grandiflora extracts on viability and activity of microcosm biofilm and prevention of enamel demineralization in vitro / Efeito de extratos de Myracrodruon urundeuva All. e Qualea grandiflora Mart. sobre a viabilidade e atividade de biofilme microcosmo e na prevenção da desmineralização do esmalte in vitro

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-caries effects of two plant extracts. The first chapter dealt with a review of the literature whose objective was to discuss the antimicrobial potential of Brazilian natural agents on the biofilm related to dental caries and gingivitis/periodontal disease. The research of the articles was carried out using PubMed. We found a total of 23 papers. Most of the studies were performed using planktonic microorganisms or under clinical trials. Nineteen articles were focused on cariogenic bacteria. From these nineteen articles, eleven were also about periodontopathogenic bacteria. Four studies addressed only periodontopathogenic bacteria. The most tested Brazilian natural agents were green propolis, essential oils of Lippia sidoides and Copaifera sp. Most of the tested agents showed similar results when compared to positive control (essential oils and extracts) or better effect than negative control (green propolis). More studies involving protocols closer to the clinical condition and the use of response variables that allows understanding the mechanism of action of natural agents are necessary before the incorporation of these natural agents into dental products. The second chapter aimed to test the effect of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Myracrodruon urundeuva All. and Qualea grandiflora Mart. leaves on the viability of the microcosm biofilm and on the prevention of enamel demineralization. The microcosm biofilm was produced on bovine enamel, using human saliva pool mixed with McBain saliva (0.2% sucrose) for 14 days. The biofilm was treated daily with the extracts for 1 min. M. urundeuva at 100, 10 and 0.1 µg/ml and Q. grandiflora at 100 and 0.1 µg/ml reduced cell viability similarly to the positive control and significantly more than negative control. M. urundeuva at 1000, 100 and 0.1 µg/ml were able to reduce the counting formation unit-CFU counting of lactobacilli sp. and Streptococcus mutans, while Q. grandiflora at 1000 and 1.0 µg/ml significantly reduced the S. mutans CFU counting. On the other hand, the natural extracts did not reduce the production of extracellular polyssacharides, lactic acid and the development of enamel caries lesions. The third chapter aimed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of M. urundeuva and Q. grandiflora (alone or combined) on the viability of S. mutans biofilm and the prevention of enamel demineralization. S. mutans strain (ATCC 21175) was reactivated in BHI broth. Minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration and minimum biofilm eradication concentration were determined to choose the concentrations to be tested under the biofilm model. S. mutans biofilm (5x105 CFU/ml) was produced on bovine enamel using McBain saliva with 0.2% sucrose for 3 days. The biofilm was treated daily with the extracts for 1 min. M. urundeuva (isolated or combined) at concentrations equal or higher than 0.625 mg/ml was able to reduce the bacteria viability, whereas Q. grandiflora extract alone showed antimicrobial effect at 5 mg/ml only (p<0.05). On the other hand, none of the extracts was able to reduce the development of enamel caries lesions. Despite the tested natural extracts have antimicrobial effect; they are unable to prevent caries in enamel.(AU)

O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos antimicrobiano e anti-cárie de dois extratos de plantas. O primeiro capítulo se referiu a uma revisão da literatura cujo objetivo foi discutir o potencial antimicrobiano dos agentes naturais brasileiros sobre o biofilme relacionado à cárie dentária e à gengivite/doença periodontal. A pesquisa dos artigos foi realizada usando o PubMed. Foram encontrados 23 trabalhos. A maioria dos estudos foi realizada utilizando microorganismos na fase planctônica ou ensaios clínicos. Dezenove artigos foram focados em bactérias cariogênicas. Dos dezenove artigos, onze também eram sobre bactérias periodontopatogênicas. Quatro estudos abordaram apenas bactérias periodontopatogênicas. Os agentes naturais brasileiros mais testados foram própolis verde, óleos essenciais de Lippia sidoides e Copaifera sp. Os agentes testados apresentaram resultados similares quando comparados ao controle positivo (óleos essenciais e extratos) ou melhor efeito que o controle negativo (própolis verde). Mais estudos próximos da condição clínica e o uso de variáveis de resposta que permitam entender o mecanismo de ação são necessários, para permitir a incorporação desses agentes naturais em produtos odontológicos. O segundo capítulo teve como objetivo testar o efeito dos extratos hidroalcoólicos de Myracrodruon urundeuva All. e Qualea grandiflora Mart. sobre a viabilidade do biofilme microcosmo e na prevenção da desmineralização do esmalte. O biofilme microcosmo foi produzido em esmalte bovino, utilizando pool de saliva humana misturada à saliva de McBain (0,2% de sacarose) durante 14 dias. O biofilme foi tratado diariamente com os extratos durante 1 min. M. urundeuva a 100, 10 e 0,1 µg/ml e Q. grandiflora a 100 e 0,1 µg/ml reduziram a viabilidade dos microrganismos de forma semelhante ao controle positivo e significativamente maior do que o controle negativo. M. urundeuva a 1000, 100 e 0,1 µg/ml foi capaz de reduzir a contagem de Unidade formadora de colônia-UFC para Lactobacilos totais e Streptococcus mutans, enquanto a Q. grandiflora a 1000 e 1,0 µg/ml reduziu significativamente a contagem de UFC para S. mutans. Os extratos naturais não conseguiram reduzir a produção de polissacarídeos extracelulares-PEC, ácido lático e o desenvolvimento da lesão cariosa em esmalte. O terceiro capítulo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito dos extratos hidroalcoólicos de M. urundeuva. e Q. grandiflora (sozinhos ou combinados) sobre a viabilidade do biofilme de S. mutans e na prevenção da desmineralização do esmalte. Cepa de S. mutans (ATCC 21175) foi reativada em caldo BHI. Concentração inibitória mínima, concentração bactericida mínima, concentração inibitória mínima de biofilme e concentração de erradicação mínima de biofilme foram determinadas para escolher as concentrações a serem testadas sob o modelo de biofilme. O biofilme de S. mutans (5x105 CFU/ml) foi produzido em esmalte bovino, utilizando saliva de McBain com 0,2% de sacarose durante 3 dias. O biofilme foi tratado diariamente com os extratos durante 1 min. M. urundeuva (isolada ou combinada) nas concentrações iguais ou superiores a 0,625 mg/ml foi capaz de reduzir a viabilidade das bactérias, enquanto que o extrato da Q. grandflora apresentou efeito antimicrobiano somente a 5 mg/ml (p<0,05). Nenhum dos extratos reduziu o desenvolvimento da lesão da cárie. Apesar dos extratos naturais terem efeito antimicrobiano, são incapazes de prevenir o desenvolvimento da lesão cariosa em esmalte.(AU)

Discussion on Oral Health Education in University Hospitals / 现代医院

This paper discusses the practical significance of oral health education in disease prevention, treatment, prognosis and medical cost control in terms of caries, periodontal disease, denture repair, orthodontic treatment, dental implantation, pre pregnancy and pregnancy oral problems and so on.

Manifestaciones bucales relacionadas con el diagnóstico de enfermedades reumáticas / Oral manifestations related to the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases

Introducción: las enfermedades reumáticas se caracterizan por presentar una amplia gama de manifestaciones sistémicas. Sin duda alguna, la cavidad bucal es asiento de muchas de ellas, que incluso llegan a formar parte de los criterios diagnósticos de estas enfermedades. Objetivo: exponer las consideraciones sobre la relación existente entre afecciones bucales y enfermedades reumáticas. Métodos: se realizó una revisión sobre la relación entre afecciones reumáticas y manifestaciones bucales en Internet. La búsqueda abarcó artículos publicados en los últimos 5 años. Se evaluaron revistas de impacto de la Web of Sciencies, Scopus, Redalyc y Latindex relacionadas con el tema (37 revistas). Se consultaron las bases de datos de sistemas referativos, como MEDLINE, PubMed y SciELO con la utilización de varios descriptores tanto en inglés como en español. Se incluyeron artículos en idioma inglés, portugués y español. Se obtuvieron 77 artículos, se circunscribió el estudio a 49 que enfocaron esta temática de manera más integral. La revista que mayor representatividad del tema tuvo fue la Revista Cubana de Reumatología con 24,67 por ciento del total de artículos, el resto de las revistas se comportaron de manera uniforme. Análisis e integración de la información: existe estrecha relación entre las enfermedades bucales y las afecciones reumáticas. En ocasiones, las manifestaciones bucales constituyen criterios diagnósticos de las enfermedades reumáticas; las úlceras bucales, la xerostomía, la gingivitis y la afectación de la articulación temporomandibular son las de mayor incidencia. Conclusiones: las manifestaciones bucales pueden ser expresión del desorden reumático, pero también pueden inducir su aparición o ser los causantes de su descompensación. La presencia de procesos infecciosos así como la utilización de medicamentos con acción inmunosupresora y/o inmunomoduladora, son elementos que refuerzan aun más esta relación(AU)

Introduction: rheumatic diseases are characterized by a wide range of systemic manifestations. The oral cavity is home to many of these manifestations, which may even constitute diagnostic criteria for those diseases. Objective: describe the relationship existing between oral disorders and rheumatic diseases. Methods: a review was conducted on the Internet about the relationship between rheumatic diseases and oral manifestations. The search included papers published in the last five years. An evaluation was performed of high impact journals from the Web of Sciences, Scopus, Redalyc and Latindex which dealt with the subject (37 journals). Databases from reference systems such as MEDLINE, PubMed and SciELO were consulted with the aid of various search terms in English and Spanish. The papers included were in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Of the 77 papers obtained, the reviewers selected the 49 which approached the study subject in a more comprehensive manner. The journal with the highest presence of the topic was the Cuban Journal of Rheumatology, with 24.67 percent of the total papers. The remaining papers were evenly distributed among the other journals. Data analysis and integration: there is a close relationship between oral diseases and rheumatic conditions. Oral manifestations sometimes constitute diagnostic criteria for rheumatic diseases. Among the most common of these are mouth ulcers, xerostomia, gingivitis and temporomandibular joint disorders. Conclusions: oral manifestations may be the expression of rheumatic disorders, but they may also induce their emergence or be responsible for their decompensation. The presence of infectious processes, as well as the use of drugs with an immunosuppressive and/or immunomodulatory action, may further strengthen this relationship(AU)

Status and analysis of oral disease burden: comparison of the domestic and overseas data / 中华口腔医学杂志

At present, it has been regarded that oral disease was one of the most prevalent problems for people's general health around the world. Oral disease burden study focuses on the pressure and effect of oral diseases to the whole social economy and people's health. Oral disease burden, as a public health problem, needs to be attached importance in China and foreign countries. By means of retrieving the literature, this review article summarizes the progress of domestic and oversea studies on oral disease burden, analyses the epidemiological burden through the indicators such as the prevalence rate, decayed missing and filled teeth, disability adjusted life years, disability weights, and illustrates the economic burden of oral diseases by using part of the data. Results shows that the oral disease burden is obvious in most countries and regions both in China and foreign countries. The study of oral disease burden in China has not been well developed. Giving priority to dental caries, periodontal disease and tooth loss, the prevalence of oral diseases in China is high. The rate of seeking dental treatments is low and the proportion of self-supporting treatments is high. In general, the epidemiological and economic burden of oral diseases is heavier in China than that in the rest of the world.

Sample Survey Done to Know the Awareness of Oral Diseases in Bhopal.

Background: Oral diseases are one of the most prevalent diseases in the world. About 100% population suffers from dental caries and 5-6% suffers from gingivitis. Increased consumption of tobacco and betel nut has led to a substantial increase in the number of patients suffering from oral cancer. Proper knowledge about the oral diseases can cure them and hence reduce the global burden. Aim: To know the awareness of oral diseases in Bhopal. Methods: All the faculty and clerical staff in Navin College were asked to fill in the questionnaire, information obtained was analyzed and tabulated. Results: Average awareness of the sample was found to be 84%. amongst the dental diseases 78% people were aware of dental caries and tooth mobility, 56% were aware of gingivitis while 80% people were aware of oral carcinoma. Conclusion: the results obtained concluded that most of the people knew quite well about oral and dental diseases.

The effect of swimming on oral health status: competitive versus non-competitive athletes

ABSTRACT Young swimmers are particularly susceptible to the onset of oral diseases. Objective To evaluate the oral health status in young competitive and non-competitive swimmers, involving an assessment of salivary cariogenic bacteria and secretory IgA (S-IgA) concentration. Material and Methods Before training sessions (T1), 54 competitive and 69 non-competitive swimmers had the following parameters assessed: decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), Plaque Index (PlI), and Gingival Index (GI). At T1 and after training sessions (T2), stimulated saliva was collected and microbiological and immunological analyses were performed. Results Competitive swimmers trained 2.02±0.09 hours 5 times a week, while non-competitive swimmers trained 2.03±0.18 hours a week. A total of 14.7% of competitive swimmers suffered dental trauma related to sports. Only 11.76% of the competitive swimmers took a daily dose of fluoride, against 32.65% of non-competitive swimmers (p=0.029). Neither group followed an established diet or presented statistically significant differences in terms of nutritional supplement drink and chocolate intake. There were statistically significant differences in terms of oral hygiene. No significant difference in clinical indexes (DMFT, PlI, and GI) was present. S. mutans was harbored by 18.6% of competitive and the 32.2% of non-competitive swimmers. S. sobrinus was detected in 22.03% of competitive and 91.6% of non-competitive swimmers (p<0.05). S. sanguinis was found only in the saliva of competitive swimmers. The average S-IgA of competitive swimmers decreased significantly at T2 (p<0.05). The pool water had a daily average pH of 7.22. Conclusions Microbial markers, immune status and sporting characteristics are important for establishing guidelines for management of training load in order to minimize physical stress and the risk of oral infection.

Foreign body aspiration and ingestion during oral disease treatment / 华西口腔医学杂志

Foreign body aspiration and ingestion during oral disease treatment are possible to occur. The incidence is prone to take place among children. Extracted teeth, endodontic instruments, prosthesis, and orthodontic appliance items are possible to be aspirated or swallowed. This article summarizes the reasons, handling methods, and prevention of foreign body aspiration and ingestion to provide guidance for clinical work.

Distribution of oral diseases in outpatient clinics:A Pareto analysis / 中华医学图书情报杂志

Objective To study the value of objective information transformation by analyzing oral diseases in outpa-tient department of our hospital and the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases between expert clinic and outpatient clinic. Methods Oral diseases in over 50000 cases who visited the outpatient department of our hospital in 2015 were classified according to the ICD10 and analyzed by Pareto analysis. Results Dental carries, pulpitis, chronic periodontitis and dental crowding were the major diseases detected in outpatient department of our hospital, ac-counting for 80% of the total outpatients, and importance was thus attached to their treatment. Oral diseases re-ceived orthodontic therapy in expert clinic and received tooth implantation in outpatient clinic. Conclusion Hospi-tals should scientifically allocate their medical resources, strengthen the training of their young dentists, bring into full play of their limited medical resources according to the distribution of oral diseases in their outpatient depart-ments in order to meet the increasing demand of oral healthcare.

Epidemiological status of felid herpesvirus type-1 and feline calicivirus infections in Brazil / Situação epidemiológica das infecções pelo herpesvírus felino tipo 1 e calicivírus no Brasil

Feline calicivirus (FCV) and felid herpesvirus type-1 (FeHV-1) are the main infectious agents of domestic and wild felines worldwide. The FCV and FeHV-1 viruses were isolated in Brazil in 1988 and 2012, respectively. Serology surveys were performed among domestic feline in the State of Rio Grande do Sul and among wild felines in central Brazilian States. Felines with acute or chronic infections may become carriers for both viruses and, viral transmission occurs mainly by ocular and nasal secretions. In addition, FCV may be transmitted by oropharyngeal secretion and fomites. The clinical signs commonly observed in cats are fever, sneezing, coughing and nasal and ocular discharge; however, oral lesions are restricted to FCV infection. A systemic syndrome showing hemorrhagic lesions, alopecia, facial edema and jaundice has been associated with FCV. Attenuated as well as inactivated vaccines against FCV and FeHV-1 were developed in the middle 1970s, and they are effective at reducing the presentation/development of the diseases, but they are not capable of eliminating the persistence of FCV and FeHV-1. This article presents a brief review of the main aspects of the FCV and FeHV-1 infections, with an emphasis in the current situation on the domestic feline population from Brazil.

Calicivírus felino (feline calicivirus - FCV) e herpesvírus felino tipo - 1 (felid herpesvirus type 1 - FeHV-1) são os principais agentes envolvidos descritos mundialmente infectando felinos domésticos e selvagens. No Brasil, o FCV e o FeHV-1 foram isolados e caracterizados em 1988 e 2012, respectivamente. Estudos sorológicos em felinos domésticos foram realizados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul e em felinos selvagens em alguns estados da região central do país. Felinos com infecção aguda e/ou infecção crônica podem tornar-se portadores, para ambos os vírus, e a transmissão ocorre principalmente por secreções oculares, nasais. Além disso, o FCV pode também ser transmitido por secreções orofaringeanas e fômites. Os sinais clínicos comumente observados em felinos afetados são: febre, espirros, tosse, descarga nasal e ocular; lesões orais se restringem à infecção pelo FCV; além disso, foi descrita uma síndrome sistêmica que apresenta um quadro hemorrágico, alopecia, edema de face e icterícia. Vacinas vivas e inativadas que amenizam o quadro clínico, mas não previnem infecções persistentes pelos vírus, foram desenvolvidas nos anos 70. Este artigo apresenta uma breve revisão dos principais aspectos da infecção pelo FCV e FeHV-1, com ênfase na atual situação na população de felinos domésticos do Brasil.

Patch Testing with Dental Screening Series in Oral Disease

BACKGROUND: The oral mucosa is constantly exposed to several irritants and allergens including dental materials, but the role of contact allergy in oral disease is obscure. OBJECTIVE: To analyze positive patch test results in patients with oral diseases and evaluate the clinical relevance of oral diseases with contact allergy to dental materials. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patch test results with dental screening series in 44 patients with oral disease from 2004~2011. RESULTS: Oral diseases included oral lichen planus (54.5%), cheilitis (27.3%), burning mouth syndrome (9.1%), and others (9.1%). Thirty-one of 44 patients (70.5%) had positive reactions to one or more allergens. The most commonly detected allergens were gold sodium thiosulfate (25.0%) and nickel sulfate (25.0%), followed by potassium dichromate (22.7%), cobalt (15.9%), palladium (6.8%), mercury (4.5%), copper (4.5%), and methylhydroquinone (4.5%). Six of 24 patients with oral lichen planus had a symptom in areas adjacent to dental materials and positive patch test reactions to allergens contained in the suspected dental materials. CONCLUSION: Patch tests with dental screening series are worth considering for oral diseases, especially for oral lichen planus.

Antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity of Vitamin C in oral environment.

Context: Antioxidant properties and Vitamin C. Background: Vitamin C is a naturally occurring organic compound and a potent antioxidant preventing oxidative damage to lipids and other macromolecules. It can also exhibit bimodal activity as a pro‑oxidant at a higher concentration. Vitamin C has a switch over role from being an antioxidant in physiologic conditions to a pro‑oxidant under pathologic conditions. A systematic review of this role would help to elucidate whether it is an antioxidant or a pro‑oxidant in the oral environment. Objective: To review studies reported in the literature elucidating the activity of Vitamin C and determine whether it is an antioxidant or a pro‑oxidant. Materials and Methods: Articles were searched in PubMed, MEDLINE using appropriate key words like “Vitamin C,” “antioxidant activity,” “pro‑oxidant activity,” “oral health” “oral disease.” Hand search of journals was also performed. Articles were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Search strategy reviewed 10 relevant articles which studied the dual role of Vitamin C. 65% of authors analyzed antioxidant action of ascorbic acid compared to 35% of the pro‑oxidant potential. Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant and a pro‑oxidant by a plethora of mechanisms. Factors determining its bimodal activity were studied, and the frequencies of their occurrence in the literature were depicted in percentage. Conclusion: The data validates the role of Vitamin C as an antioxidant under physiologic conditions exhibiting a cross over role as a pro‑oxidant in pathological conditions. Further studies are required to substantiate its pro‑oxidant activity to draw concrete conclusions.